The Structure of DNA

desoxyribonucleic acid, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and nearlyall an different(prenominal) organisms. closely e actually cell in a psyche?s body has the same desoxyribonucleic acid. Most DNAis located in the cell nucleus (it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNAcan also be found in the mitochondria (U.S. routine Library of Medicine, 2009). ADNA molecule consists of two chains of nucleotides (polymers of nucleic acid from each onecomposed of a phosphate, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base) that repeal to classthe double helix shape. The nucleotides that forms the DNA social organisation are organize sotheir sugar-phosphate components submit the outside and form the backbone of the structure, whereas the nitrogenous bases face inward. These bases are not all the same,there are quaternity types in DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. When the twochains of DNA come unitedly to form a helix the bases of one drawstring hold fast with the basesof the other with Adenines only bonding with Thymines and Guanine only book binding withCytosines. DNA molecules are basically long strands of nucleotides. Groups ofnucleotides are called genes. Therefore, each DNA molecule consists of hundreds orthousands of genes, each occupying a different piece of the strand and genes aregrouped into chromosomes (Miko, 2008). Humans have 46 chromosomes, or otherwords 23 pairs of chromosomes. By the 1940s scientists knew that chromosomes carry the hereditary material.

They knew that chromosomes contained nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonuc leic acid) andprotein. They knew that prote! ins were difficult macromolecules that were very variableand functionally specific whereas DNA appeared to be a some(prenominal) simpler molecule aboutwhich little was known, but people figured it wasn?t variable enough to be responsible forinheritance. Therefore, in 1940 about all scientists thought that proteins must beresponsible for inheritance (Strachan, 1999). James D. Watson and Francis Crickdetermined the structure of DNA in 1953, using the X-ray... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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